From: Mining characteristics of epidemiological studies from Medline: a case study in obesity
Characteristic (number of rules) | Examples | Identified span (in bold) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study design (16 rules) | Rule | [@st | a(types)] | ||||
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 214 overweight/obese … | cross-sectional | study | |||||
Population (119 rules) | Rule | a(totals) | re(‘(of|on|in)’) | [@stats | a(clusters)] | ||
Sibling study in a prospective cohort of 208,866 men from … | cohort | of | 208,866 | men | |||
Rule | @multiple | re(‘with|in|on’)? | [a(clusters) | re(‘with|without’) | @multiple] | ||
bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes | bone mineral density | in | patients | with | type 2 diabetes | ||
Exposure (134 rules) | Rule | a(relations) | eq(‘between’) | [@multiple] | eq(‘and’) | @multiple | |
… and analyze the association between body mass index and blood pressure in … | association | Between | body mass index | and | blood pressure | ||
Rule | [@multiple] | a(be) | a(related) | a(with) | eq(‘onset’)? | eq(‘of’)? | |
Short sleep duration is associated with onset of obesity | Short sleep duration | is | associated | with | onset | of | |
Outcome (100 rules) | Rule | @factors | eq(‘of’) | [@multiple] | |||
Cardiovascular and disease related predictors of depression | predictors | of | depression | ||||
Rule | @multiple | a(be) | a(adverbs) | a(related) | a(with) | [@multiple] | |
Conclusions coffee intake is inversely associated with t2dm in Chinese. | coffee intake | is | inversely | associated | with | t2dm | |
Covariate (28 rules) | Rule | a(adj) | eq(‘for’) | [@multiple] | |||
… after adjusting for age, smoking status, and clinical history of diabetes mellitus. | adjusting | for | age, smoking status, and clinical history of diabetes mellitus. | ||||
Rule | eq(‘including’) | [@multiple] | eq(‘as’) | @synonyms | |||
… including visceral adipose tissue (vat) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sat) as covariates. | including | visceral adipose tissue (vat) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sat) | as | covariates | |||
Effect size (15 rules) | Rule | @multiple | [a(preva) | a(be) | @perce] | ||
Hernia prevalence was 32.4% | Hernia | prevalence | was | 32.4% | |||
Rule | @multiple | @or | @ci | ||||
… more likely to have elevated blood pressure (or = 9.05, 95% ci: 1.44, 56.83) | elevated blood pressure | (or = 9.05, | 95% ci: 1.44, 56.83) |