Figure 4From: An ontological modeling approach for abnormal states and its application in the medical domainExamples of hypertrophy constituted of causal chains. This figure shows two different uses of cardiac hypertrophy. Each cardiac hypertrophy is red. One usage is a constituent of a causal chain of the hypertensive heart disease in the cardiovascular department (upper figure), and the other is a constituent of a glycogenesis type II disease (Pompe disease) in the metabolic disease department shown below (A core causal chain of each disease is yellow).Back to article page