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Table 3 The relations used for mapping underlying taxonomic concepts

From: Making species checklists understandable to machines – a shift from relational databases to ontologies

Relation between taxa

Intensive

Ostensive

Notation

Properties

Congruent

Share the same characters

Share the same species

A=B

Symmetric, transitive

Part of

All characters of a taxon are included in another taxon

All species are included in another taxon

AB

Non-symmetric, transitive

Overlap

At least one character is shared between taxa, but not all of them

At least one species is shared between taxa, but not all of them

AB,AB

Symmetric, non-transitive

  1. The division into intensional and ostensive relations [35] is only available in TaxMeOn (not in the Taxonomic Database).