Networks of neuroinjury semantic predications to identify biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury

Table 4 Verification of substances in TBI physiology and TBI biomarker research

		Changes in trauma?	Changes in blood?	Previously studied?	PMIDs
1	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Yes	Yes	Yes	11585248, 22528282, 20679891
2	Fibroblast growth factor 2	Yes	Yes	Yes	11320217, 7696886
3	Glial fibrillary acidic protein	Yes	Yes	Yes	16266720, 22528282, 21079180
4	Neuron-specific enolase	Yes	Yes	Yes	16716992, 22528282
5	S100B	Yes	Yes	Yes	19257803, 22528282, 21079180
6	Amyloid beta-protein precursor	Yes	No	Yes	8140894, 15258792
7	Interleukin-6	Yes	Yes	No	20850781, 20858121
8	Malondialdehyde	Yes	Yes	No	11280646, 11466564
9	Superoxide dismutase	Yes	Yes	No	17869973
10	Glucose	Yes	Yes	No	20889287, 9808254
11	Lactate	Yes	Yes	No	18183032, 20889287
12	Dopamine	Yes	Yes	No	7584744
13	Norepinephrine	Yes	Yes	No	6886758, 3592639
14	Calcium	Yes	Yes	No	10386980, 4637556
15	Melatonin	Yes	Yes*	No	18183032, 17060154
16	Glutamate	Yes	Yes*	No	20225002, 21878868
17	Calpain	No⁺	No⁺	No⁺	19811094

*Modest change or conflicting reports. ⁺Although Calpain itself does not change in trauma, its products do change and are found in the blood and have been studied.

ISSN: 2041-1480