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Table 5 Summary of articles discussing glutamate and inflammatory bowel disease

From: Investigating the role of interleukin-1 beta and glutamate in inflammatory bowel disease and epilepsy using discovery browsing

Study

Subjects

Method

Result/Conclusion

Clarke et al. [68]

Male patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls

High performance liquid chromato-graphy on plasma samples

Kynurenic acid was decreased in patients with disease

Varga et al. [69]

Male Wistar rats after inducing colonic inflammation with TNBS

Measurements on anesthetized animals and on blood samples and colon biopsies after administration of kynurenic acid

Reduced inflammatory enzyme activities, decreased intestinal motility, and increased tone of the colon

Carpanese et al. [70]

Enteric neuron cultures from adult male rats

In vitro ischemic injury; reperfusion; blockage of glutamate receptors; Immuno-cytochemistry to measure cytotoxicity

Blockade of glutamate receptors (NMDA and AMPA/kainite) may be neuroprotective

Forrest et al. [71]

Patients with mild IBD

Measured serum concentrations of purines and kynurenines

Kynurenine modulation of glutamate receptors is involved in the symptoms of IBD