Table 2 List of concepts central to assessing frailty and their associated terms. Terms are not synonymous with the concept or the concept name. They indicate author may have been thinking about the concept. Bolded terms were not found in the topic modeling paper. Underlined terms were added by the annotation task

ability to run finding

Difficulty running; able to run; unable to run; run

ability to stand finding

Difficulty standing up; unable to stand up; able to stand up; stand up

able to mobilize finding

ambulate independently; steady gait; unsteady gait

bed-ridden finding

bed-ridden; supine; stretcher

Paralysis finding

paralysis; paralyzed

wheelchair bound finding

wheelchair; scooter; w/c; wheel chair

able to perform dressing activity finding

dresses; Able to dress; independent with dressing; Needs help with dressing; Dependent for dressing; unable to dress; Difficulty dressing; shoes; ties shoes;

able to perform personal grooming activity finding

Able to wash own hair; Unable to wash own hair; Difficulty washing own hair; clean appearance; personal grooming; neatly dressed; well-groomed; well-groomed without assistance; good personal hygiene