Table 3 Examples of challenging cases of hydronephrosis incidence

“Reason: Evaluate for effusion; Admitting Diagnosis: HYDRONEPHROSIS”

“The right kidney is considerably lower in location than the left with slight pelviectasis but without frank hydronephrosis”

“FINDINGS: […] Initial images raised the possibility of mild bilateral hydronephrosis; however, repeat imaging with a different probe and in different positions suggests that this is likely fat hypertrophy within the renal sinus bilaterally. […] IMPRESSION: No definite hydronephrosis.”