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Table 1 Summary of main extant tutorial ontologies

From: The African wildlife ontology tutorial ontologies

Ontology

Year

Stated aim

Content

Language

Modelling issues

Automated reasoning

Current OE (e.g., ODP, FO)

wine

2001

novice ‘all aspects’ (methodology, modelling, reasoning) for OE

somewhat generic, repetitive, limited extensibility

frames; the wine.owl in OWL DL is based on it

multiple (e.g., class vs instance, hasX)

yes

no

pizza

2004

Protégé user guide, also illustrate OWL and reasoning

somewhat generic, repetitive, limited extensibility

OWL DL

multiple (e.g., hasX, FO commitment, lack of domain & range)

yes

no

university

2005

illustrate OWL and reasoning

generic, CDM (cf. ontology) scope, very small

<OWL DL (ALCIN)

multiple (e.g., XorY, naming of individuals)

yes

no

zooAnimals

2011

illustrate DL&OWL and some GoodOD modelling guidelines

generic, a lot of detail, easily extensible

<OWL 2 DL (SHO)

few

yes

partially (BioTopLite)

family history

2013

illustrate OWL 2 DL and reasoning

specific to author’s family, not extensible

OWL 2 DL

multiple (e.g., hasX, FO commitment, lack of domain & range)

error

no

shirt

2015

illustrate the design of the FMA

generic, structure specific to FMA, repetitive, not extensible

<OWL 2 DL (ALCIQ)

few (lack of domain & range)

none

very limited (reference ontology)

  1. Abbreviations: OE: ontology engineering; ODP: ontology design pattern; FO: foundational ontology; CDM: conceptual data model; FMA: foundational model of anatomy; OWL DL is SHOIN(D) and OWL 2 DL is SROIQ(D) in DL notation