Fig. 6

Two alternative models for documenting exact counts of parts using the instance-based ABox semantic graph approach. Within the Phenotype Knowledge Graph approach, the observation “insect head has part exactly 3 ocelli” can be modeled in two alternative ways. Top: Shows a representation of the observation using only ABox expressions. This requires modeling the parthood relation as a directed relational quality and as a consequence of that the introduction of an object property towards class that has an instance as a domain restriction and a class as range restriction. Unfortunately, modeling the observation this way is not compliant with description logics and would require the introduction of additional tools for making it machine-actionable. Bottom: Shows a representation of the observation using a combination of ABox and TBox expressions. The instance of insect head instantiates not only the class insect head but also the class exact ocellus count phenotype, which is characterized as a cardinality restriction on a combination of a property and a class. This description is compliant with description logics and is directly machine-actionable. Purple-bordered box = instance resource; yellow-bordered box with rounded corners = ontology class resource; grey-bordered box with rounded corners = anonymous class; grey-bordered box with sharp corners = value; blue-bordered octagon = object property class; labeled arrow = property resource