Fig. 4

Performance comparison of the owlcpp, Redland, Jena, and OWL API libraries. The measurements were done using the following ontologies (by size, see Table 1): part of OpenGALEN (OG part), VTO, MESH, DRON, Biomodels, and complete OpenGALEN (OG full). The bars showing performance measurements are color-coded by library and grouped by ontology. The standard deviations of the measurements are shown as error bars. The corresponding bars are not shown if ontology loading failed. a shows ontology loading rates—ontology size divided by loading time. b shows the RAM footprint of each library after ontology loading normalized by the filesystem size of the ontology. c shows triple store querying rates. Each query identifies all triples matching a combination of a random subject and a constant predicate. Triple querying rates for OWL API are not shown because this operation is not supported