Fig. 8

A hierarchy of rules based on clinical knowledge. DMTO has a large number of SWRL rules (i.e., 214 rules) collected from standard CPGs, domain experts, the literature, etc. They are categorized according to the purpose of the rule. There are four main groups, which depend on each other. For example, a patient evaluation rule (PER) evaluates the patient’s symptoms, current medications and diseases, medical history, and physical examination and demographics. The patient diagnosis rule (PDR) determines the diagnosis of the patient according to the previous group and patient lab tests. A patient checking rule (PCR) determines any interactions based on the previous groups, and the patient treatment rule (PTR) suggests a suitable individualized treatment plan