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Table 2 A sample of universals and defined classes

From: DMTO: a realistic ontology for standard diabetes mellitus treatment

Class name

Description

Class name

Description

symptomatic

A patient who has at least three diabetes symptoms to support the diagnosis.

food

The types of foods that can be used to prepare the diet plan.

diabetes drug

All diabetes treatment drugs, including metformin.

patient

The patient to be diagnosed and treated.

organismal quality

The patient’s qualities, including demographics, profile, lifestyle.

mechanism of action

Models the drug’s mechanism of action.

adverse effect

All adverse effects of diabetes drugs.

treatment plan

Models the patient’s plan, including drugs, lifestyle, and education.