Fig. 3

Ontological representation of S protein processes and variations. a CIDO ontological representation of viral life cycle in host (cell invasion, genetic replication, and release for cell and invading other cells) of virulent SARS-CoV-2. CIDO ontological representation of coronaviral molecular processes. The right bottom side of the screenshot represents different axioms for the SARS-CoV-2 S binding to human ACE2. b Seven SARS-CoV-2 clades are defined with each has its specific definition. For example, SARS-CoV-2 clade G virus has AA variant S-D614G, which is a variant of S protein of SARS-CoV-2. c CIDO representation of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants such as SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant based on the WHO classification