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Table 3 Results of the recommendation for a random draw, for the two baselines and for RecSOI according to the heuristics explained in the Evaluation heuristics section and the performance metrics MAP\(_\exists\)@5, MAP\(_\exists\)@10 and MAP\(_\exists\)@20

From: RecSOI: recommending research directions using statements of ignorance

Metric

Method

First-author heuristic

Co-authors heuristic

Concepts heuristic

MAP\(_\exists\)@5

Random

0% \(\pm 0.4\%\)

0% \(\pm 3.1\%\)

0% \(\pm 0.4\%\)

sentence-BERT

31.2% \(\pm 4\%\)

13.6% \(\pm 8.8\%\)

65.3% \(\pm 4.2\%\)

TF-IDF+LR

23% \(\pm 3.7\%\)

6.8% \(\pm 6.8\%\)

43.3% \(\pm 4.3\%\)

RecSOI

34.6% \(\pm 4.2\%\)

10.2% \(\pm 7.9\%\)

75.6% \(\pm 3.8\%\)

MAP\(_\exists\)@10

Random

0% \(\pm 0.4\%\)

0% \(\pm 3.1\%\)

15.9% \(\pm 3.2\%\)

sentence-BERT

37.8% \(\pm 4.2\%\)

15.3% \(\pm 9.2\%\)

74.4% \(\pm 3.8\%\)

TF-IDF+LR

28.2% \(\pm 3.9\%\)

8.5% \(\pm 7.4\%\)

58.1% \(\pm 4.3\%\)

RecSOI

42% \(\pm 4.3\%\)

18.6% \(\pm 9.8\%\)

84.3% \(\pm 3.2\%\)

MAP\(_\exists\)@20

Random

0% \(\pm 0.4\%\)

0% \(\pm 3.1\%\)

46% \(\pm 4.4\%\)

sentence-BERT

45.6% \(\pm 4.4\%\)

23.7% \(\pm 10.6\%\)

82.3% \(\pm 3.4\%\)

TF-IDF+LR

38.2% \(\pm 4.2\%\)

11.9% \(\pm 8.3\%\)

74.6% \(\pm 3.8\%\)

RecSOI

46.8% \(\pm 4.4\%\)

23.7% \(\pm 10.6\%\)

90.9% \(\pm 2.5\%\)