Table 4 Mapping from PAV to PROV-O

prov:wasAttributedTo

pav:createdBy

The creator agent participated in some activity that generated the entity.

pav:createdWith

The software agent participated in some activity that generated the entity.

pav:contributedBy

The contributor participated in some activity that generated the entity.

pav:authoredBy

The author participated in some activity that generated the entity.

pav:curatedBy

The curator participated in some activity that generated the entity.

pav:importedBy

The agent (usually software in this case) participated in some import activity, which generated the entity.

pav:retrievedBy

The agent (usually software in this case) participated in some retrieval activity, which generated the entity.

prov:wasDerivedFrom & prov:alternateOf

pav:importedFrom

Import is a transformation of an entity into another. As the resulting entity is presenting aspects of the same thing, it is also an prov:alternateOf the original.

pav:retrievedFrom

Retrieval is construction of an entity into another. As the resulting entity is essentially (bytewise) the same, i.e. presenting aspects of the same thing, it is also an prov:alternateOf the original. Some aspects of the original entity (like its dct:publisher) might not be shared, and therefore prov:specializationOf is not an appropriate superproperty.

prov:wasDerivedFrom

pav:derivedFrom

Derivation is an update of an entity, resulting of a new one. Note that pav:derivedFrom is more specific than prov:wasDerivedFrom, and does not cover “minor” derivations as with pav:importedFrom and pav:retrievedFrom. PAV derivation implies that additional knowledge has been contributed, curated or authored.

prov:wasRevisionOf

pav:previousVersion

The new version is a revised version of the original. pav:previousVersion is more specific than prov:wasRevisionOf because it is intended for minor updates and corrections, and typically would be used with linearly incremental pav:version numbers. Significant changes (contributing new knowledge) should be indicated with pav:derivedFrom.

prov:wasInfluencedBy

pav:sourceAccessedAt

The source Entity has an effect on the character, or development of the entity. The PAV term is a weak indication that another resource was consulted (for instance as part of curation), but without the new entity being directly derived from the source. The prov:hadPrimarySource is not an appropriate superproperty, as it implies a stronger statement, giving the source the status of a primary source and derivation. As the resource is not necessarily based on or transformed from the consulted source, we can’t assume prov:wasDerivedFrom as a superproperty.